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The First Republic of Austria (German: ''Republik Österreich'') existed between the signing of the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye of September 1919—the settlement after the end of World War I which ended the Republic of German-Austria—and ended with the establishment of the Federal State of Austria based upon a dictatorship of Engelbert Dollfuss and the Fatherland's Front. The period was marked by violent strife between those with left-wing and right-wing views, leading to the July Revolt of 1927 and the Austrian Civil War. The Republic's constitution was enacted in 1920 and amended in 1929. == Foundation == In 1919, the state of German Austria was dissolved by the Treaty of Saint Germain, which ceded German-populated regions in Sudetenland to Czechoslovakia, German-populated Tyrol to Italy and a portion of southern land to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (''Kraljevina Srba, Hrvata i Slovenaca'', or SHS) also known as Yugoslavia. It also barred Anschluss, or union with Germany, without League of Nations consent. The treaty angered the German population in Austria who claimed that it violated the Fourteen Points laid out by United States President Woodrow Wilson during peace talks, specifically the right to "self-determination" of all nations. Many of them felt that with the loss of 60 percent of the territory of the prewar empire, Austria was no longer viable as a separate state. The new state managed to prevent two land claims from being taken by their neighbours. The first was the south-eastern part of Carinthia, which was inhabited partly by Slovenians. It was prevented from being taken by the new SHS-state through a plebiscite on October 10, 1920, in which the population chose to remain with Austria. The second land-claim that was prevented was Hungary's claim to Burgenland, which, under the name "Western Hungary", had been part of the Hungarian kingdom since 1647. It was inhabited mostly by a German-speaking population, but had also Croat- and Hungarian-speaking minorities. Through the Treaty of St. Germain it became part of the Austrian Republic in 1921. After a plebiscite which was disputed by Austria, the city of Sopron (German Ödenburg) remained in Hungary. After the war, Austria was governed by a coalition of left-wing and right-wing parties which had established a number of progressive socioeconomic and labour legislation. In 1920, the coalition government established the Constitution of Austria. However the new state was difficult to control, as much of the former empire's important economic regions had been taken away with the foundation of new nation-states. The matter was further complicated by the fact that a number of these new nation-states were still dependent on Vienna's banks. For much of the early 1920s, Austria's survival was very much in doubt. This was partly because Austria had never been a nation in the true sense of the term. Although the Austrian state had existed in one form or another for 700 years, it had no real unifying force other than the Habsburgs. Vienna was now left as an imperial capital without an empire to support it. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「First Austrian Republic」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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